NBA — additional Python functions — Analytics: nba_team–nba_tracking

nba_team_season_rates

nba_team_season_rates(seasons: 'int | list[int]', *, league_id: 'str' = '00', season_type: 'str' = 'regular-season', return_as_pandas: 'bool' = False) -> 'pl.DataFrame | pd.DataFrame'

Season team rates from possessions: ORtg/DRtg/net, pace and the four factors, with splits.

One row per team, season and split (all, home, away, close, clutch). Clutch is a possession in play with 5:00 or less left (starting there, or starting before 5:00 and ending after it; one that ends at exactly 5:00 is out) in the 4th quarter or an overtime, the score within 5 as it starts (stats.nba.com's clutch window); a close game is one with a clutch possession. For the WNBA (league_id="10") through 2005, two 20-minute halves, the regulation window is the last 5:00 of the 2nd half; overtime counts as above. The full definitions are in sportsdataverse._common.team_season_rates.

Parameters

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
seasons	int | list[int]		A season or list of seasons, named by the year it ends (2026 is 2025-26). The WNBA season is its calendar year.
league_id	str	'00'	"00" NBA or "10" WNBA.
season_type	str	'regular-season'	"regular-season" (default), "preseason", "playoffs" or "play-in", matched to the schedule's season_type.
return_as_pandas	bool	False	Return a pandas frame instead of polars.

Returns

One row per (season, team_id, split). team_id is the stats.nba.com team id (Int64). games, poss / opp_poss (offensive / defensive possessions) and pts / opp_pts are the split's totals. The twelve rates are off_rtg, def_rtg, net_rtg (per 100 possessions), pace (possessions per 48 minutes, 40 in the WNBA), the four factors efg_pct, tov_pct, orb_pct, ft_rate and the same four against (opp_*), all fractions. Each rate has <m>_rank (1 = best; def_rtg, tov_pct, opp_efg_pct, opp_orb_pct and opp_ft_rate rank low first; pace ranks high first), <m>_pct (the Weibull percentile) and <m>_n (the sample: possessions for the ratings, the clock in regulation games for pace, field-goal attempts for eFG% and FT rate, possessions for turnover rate, rebound chances for ORB%). Ranks are within the season and split, among teams with at least half the most games whose <m>_n reaches the league's ~sportsdataverse._common.rate_gates.TEAM_MIN_N gate (a clutch split reaches none), and null under five teams. Empty input returns that schema with zero rows.

col_name	type	description
season	Int64	Season, named by the year it ends (2026 is 2025-26).
team_id	Int64	stats.nba.com team id (the 10-digit franchise id).
split	String	Which possessions the row covers: all; home or away (the team's home or road games; neutral-site games are in neither: the curated nba_neutral_site_games list, plus every game dated inside the 2020 bubble (from the schedule's game_date)); close (every possession of a game that had a clutch possession); clutch (a possession in play with 5:00 or less left (starting there, or starting before 5:00 and ending after it) in the 4th quarter (the 2nd half for league_id='10' through 2005, when the WNBA played two 20-minute halves) or an overtime, the score within 5 as it starts).
games	Int64	Games with at least one possession in the split.
poss	Int64	Offensive possessions in the split, counted from possession rows.
opp_poss	Int64	Defensive possessions in the split (the opponents' offensive possessions).
pts	Int64	Points scored on the team's offensive possessions in the split. Counted from each possession's made shots and free throws.
opp_pts	Int64	Points allowed on the team's defensive possessions in the split.
off_rtg	Float64	Offensive rating: points scored per 100 offensive possessions.
def_rtg	Float64	Defensive rating: points allowed per 100 defensive possessions.
net_rtg	Float64	Net rating: off_rtg minus def_rtg.
pace	Float64	Pace: possessions per 48 minutes (40 with league_id="10", the WNBA), the mean of poss and opp_poss over the game clock those possessions used.
efg_pct	Float64	Effective field-goal percentage, (FGM + 0.5 * 3PM) / FGA, as a fraction.
tov_pct	Float64	Turnovers per offensive possession, as a fraction.
orb_pct	Float64	Offensive rebound rate: offensive rebounds over offensive-rebound chances (own OREB plus the defense's DREB), as a fraction.
ft_rate	Float64	Free-throw rate, FTA / FGA.
opp_efg_pct	Float64	Opponents' effective field-goal percentage, (FGM + 0.5 * 3PM) / FGA, as a fraction.
opp_tov_pct	Float64	Opponents' turnovers per possession (turnovers forced), as a fraction.
opp_orb_pct	Float64	Opponents' offensive rebound rate, as a fraction (one minus the team's defensive rebound rate).
opp_ft_rate	Float64	Opponents' free-throw rate, FTA / FGA.
off_rtg_rank	Float64	Rank of off_rtg within the season and split (the highest value ranks 1; ties average), among teams that played at least half the most games any team played in the split, whose off_rtg_n is at least 1,300 offensive possessions (the sample at which the rate is half signal, rate_gates); null for a non-qualifier, a sample under that gate, a null rate, or fewer than five qualifiers.
def_rtg_rank	Float64	Rank of def_rtg within the season and split (the lowest value ranks 1; ties average), among teams that played at least half the most games any team played in the split, whose def_rtg_n is at least 2,000 defensive possessions (the sample at which the rate is half signal, rate_gates); null for a non-qualifier, a sample under that gate, a null rate, or fewer than five qualifiers.
net_rtg_rank	Float64	Rank of net_rtg within the season and split (the highest value ranks 1; ties average), among teams that played at least half the most games any team played in the split, whose net_rtg_n is at least 2,000 possessions (offense plus defense) (the sample at which the rate was, on the fit seasons, half signal, rate_gates); null for a non-qualifier, a sample under that gate, a null rate, or fewer than five qualifiers.
pace_rank	Float64	Rank of pace within the season and split (the highest value ranks 1; pace has no better direction; ties average), among teams that played at least half the most games any team played in the split, whose pace_n is at least 5 games (the sample at which the rate is half signal, rate_gates); null for a non-qualifier, a sample under that gate, a null rate, or fewer than five qualifiers.
efg_pct_rank	Float64	Rank of efg_pct within the season and split (the highest value ranks 1; ties average), among teams that played at least half the most games any team played in the split, whose efg_pct_n is at least 1,200 field-goal attempts (the sample at which the rate is half signal, rate_gates); null for a non-qualifier, a sample under that gate, a null rate, or fewer than five qualifiers.
tov_pct_rank	Float64	Rank of tov_pct within the season and split (the lowest value ranks 1; ties average), among teams that played at least half the most games any team played in the split, whose tov_pct_n is at least 1,400 offensive possessions (the sample at which the rate is half signal, rate_gates); null for a non-qualifier, a sample under that gate, a null rate, or fewer than five qualifiers.
orb_pct_rank	Float64	Rank of orb_pct within the season and split (the highest value ranks 1; ties average), among teams that played at least half the most games any team played in the split, whose orb_pct_n is at least 410 offensive-rebound chances (the sample at which the rate is half signal, rate_gates); null for a non-qualifier, a sample under that gate, a null rate, or fewer than five qualifiers.
ft_rate_rank	Float64	Rank of ft_rate within the season and split (the highest value ranks 1; ties average), among teams that played at least half the most games any team played in the split, whose ft_rate_n is at least 1,300 field-goal attempts (the sample at which the rate is half signal, rate_gates); null for a non-qualifier, a sample under that gate, a null rate, or fewer than five qualifiers.
opp_efg_pct_rank	Float64	Rank of opp_efg_pct within the season and split (the lowest value ranks 1; ties average), among teams that played at least half the most games any team played in the split, whose opp_efg_pct_n is at least 1,900 opponent field-goal attempts (the sample at which the rate was, on the fit seasons, half signal, rate_gates); null for a non-qualifier, a sample under that gate, a null rate, or fewer than five qualifiers.
opp_tov_pct_rank	Float64	Rank of opp_tov_pct within the season and split (the highest value ranks 1; ties average), among teams that played at least half the most games any team played in the split, whose opp_tov_pct_n is at least 960 defensive possessions (the sample at which the rate was, on the fit seasons, half signal, rate_gates); null for a non-qualifier, a sample under that gate, a null rate, or fewer than five qualifiers.
opp_orb_pct_rank	Float64	Rank of opp_orb_pct within the season and split (the lowest value ranks 1; ties average), among teams that played at least half the most games any team played in the split, whose opp_orb_pct_n is at least 1,200 opponent offensive-rebound chances (the sample at which the rate was, on the fit seasons, half signal, rate_gates); null for a non-qualifier, a sample under that gate, a null rate, or fewer than five qualifiers.
opp_ft_rate_rank	Float64	Rank of opp_ft_rate within the season and split (the lowest value ranks 1; ties average), among teams that played at least half the most games any team played in the split, whose opp_ft_rate_n is at least 1,500 opponent field-goal attempts (the sample at which the rate was, on the fit seasons, half signal, rate_gates); null for a non-qualifier, a sample under that gate, a null rate, or fewer than five qualifiers.
off_rtg_pct	Float64	Percentile of off_rtg within the season and split among the same qualified teams: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked, so the best team is under 100 and nobody is 0; null when the rank is null.
def_rtg_pct	Float64	Percentile of def_rtg within the season and split among the same qualified teams: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked, so the best team is under 100 and nobody is 0; null when the rank is null.
net_rtg_pct	Float64	Percentile of net_rtg within the season and split among the same qualified teams: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked, so the best team is under 100 and nobody is 0; null when the rank is null.
pace_pct	Float64	Percentile of pace within the season and split among the same qualified teams: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked, so the best team is under 100 and nobody is 0; null when the rank is null.
efg_pct_pct	Float64	Percentile of efg_pct within the season and split among the same qualified teams: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked, so the best team is under 100 and nobody is 0; null when the rank is null.
tov_pct_pct	Float64	Percentile of tov_pct within the season and split among the same qualified teams: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked, so the best team is under 100 and nobody is 0; null when the rank is null.
orb_pct_pct	Float64	Percentile of orb_pct within the season and split among the same qualified teams: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked, so the best team is under 100 and nobody is 0; null when the rank is null.
ft_rate_pct	Float64	Percentile of ft_rate within the season and split among the same qualified teams: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked, so the best team is under 100 and nobody is 0; null when the rank is null.
opp_efg_pct_pct	Float64	Percentile of opp_efg_pct within the season and split among the same qualified teams: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked, so the best team is under 100 and nobody is 0; null when the rank is null.
opp_tov_pct_pct	Float64	Percentile of opp_tov_pct within the season and split among the same qualified teams: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked, so the best team is under 100 and nobody is 0; null when the rank is null.
opp_orb_pct_pct	Float64	Percentile of opp_orb_pct within the season and split among the same qualified teams: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked, so the best team is under 100 and nobody is 0; null when the rank is null.
opp_ft_rate_pct	Float64	Percentile of opp_ft_rate within the season and split among the same qualified teams: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked, so the best team is under 100 and nobody is 0; null when the rank is null.
off_rtg_n	Int64	Sample size of off_rtg: the team's offensive possessions in the split.
def_rtg_n	Int64	Sample size of def_rtg: the team's defensive possessions in the split.
net_rtg_n	Int64	Sample size of net_rtg: the team's offensive plus defensive possessions in the split.
pace_n	Int64	Sample size of pace: the game clock the split's possessions used, in regulation games (48 minutes, 40 in the WNBA and college), rounded: a full game counts 1, a clutch split's five-minute windows about 0.1 each.
efg_pct_n	Int64	Sample size of efg_pct: the team's field-goal attempts in the split.
tov_pct_n	Int64	Sample size of tov_pct: the team's offensive possessions in the split.
orb_pct_n	Int64	Sample size of orb_pct: the team's offensive-rebound chances in the split.
ft_rate_n	Int64	Sample size of ft_rate: the team's field-goal attempts in the split.
opp_efg_pct_n	Int64	Sample size of opp_efg_pct: the opponents' field-goal attempts in the split.
opp_tov_pct_n	Int64	Sample size of opp_tov_pct: the team's defensive possessions in the split.
opp_orb_pct_n	Int64	Sample size of opp_orb_pct: the opponents' offensive-rebound chances in the split.
opp_ft_rate_n	Int64	Sample size of opp_ft_rate: the opponents' field-goal attempts in the split.

Raises

Exception	Description
ValueError	If league_id is not "00" or "10", or season_type is not one of the four above.

Example

from sportsdataverse.nba.nba_team_season_rates import nba_team_season_rates
rates = nba_team_season_rates(2026)
rates.filter(split="all").sort("net_rtg_rank").head()

# WNBA via ``league_id``

wnba = nba_team_season_rates(2025, league_id="10")

nba_team_shot_zones

nba_team_shot_zones(seasons: 'int | list[int]', *, league_id: 'str' = '00', return_as_pandas: 'bool' = False) -> 'pl.DataFrame | pd.DataFrame'

Season shot profile by zone per team, for and allowed: rim / mid / corner 3 / above-the-break 3.

One row per team and season over the regular season: the team's own attempts and, with an opp_ prefix, its opponents' attempts against it.

Parameters

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
seasons	int | list[int]		A season or list of seasons, named by the year it ends (2026 is 2025-26). The WNBA season is its calendar year.
league_id	str	'00'	"00" NBA or "10" WNBA.
return_as_pandas	bool	False	Return a pandas frame instead of polars.

Returns

One row per (season, team_id) (the stats.nba.com team id, Int64) with games and the columns of nba_player_shot_zones for the team and again with an opp_ prefix for its opponents (opp_fga, opp_rim_fg_pct, ...), each rate with <m>_n, <m>_rank and <m>_pct, ranked within the season among teams whose <m>_n reaches the gate and null under five teams. <m>_rank is 1 = highest, except the allowed opp_{z}_fg_pct, where 1 is the lowest (the stingiest defense). Empty input returns that schema with zero rows.

col_name	type	description
season	Int64	Season, named by the year it ends (2026 is 2025-26).
team_id	Int64	stats.nba.com team id.
games	Int64	The team's regular-season games with a field-goal attempt by or against it.
fga	Int64	Field-goal attempts by the team (regular-season games).
fgm	Int64	Field goals made by the team.
unlocated_fga	Int64	Attempts by the team with no real location (the WNBA's 1997-2010 hoop-centre placeholders; 0 elsewhere): counted in fga, in no zone.
rim_fga	Int64	Attempts by the team at the rim (the restricted area: shot_distance under 4 ft).
rim_fgm	Int64	Makes by the team at the rim (the restricted area: shot_distance under 4 ft).
rim_ast	Int64	Assisted makes by the team at the rim (the restricted area: shot_distance under 4 ft).
mid_fga	Int64	Attempts by the team in the mid zone (every other two: the paint outside the restricted area and the mid-range).
mid_fgm	Int64	Makes by the team in the mid zone (every other two: the paint outside the restricted area and the mid-range).
mid_ast	Int64	Assisted makes by the team in the mid zone (every other two: the paint outside the restricted area and the mid-range).
corner_3_fga	Int64	Attempts by the team from the corner (a three from the baseline band, y_legacy <= 87.5, below the break).
corner_3_fgm	Int64	Makes by the team from the corner (a three from the baseline band, y_legacy <= 87.5, below the break).
corner_3_ast	Int64	Assisted makes by the team from the corner (a three from the baseline band, y_legacy <= 87.5, below the break).
above_break_3_fga	Int64	Attempts by the team from above the break (every other three).
above_break_3_fgm	Int64	Makes by the team from above the break (every other three).
above_break_3_ast	Int64	Assisted makes by the team from above the break (every other three).
opp_fga	Int64	Allowed: Field-goal attempts by the team's opponents (regular-season games).
opp_fgm	Int64	Allowed: Field goals made by the team's opponents.
opp_unlocated_fga	Int64	Allowed: Attempts by the team's opponents with no real location (the WNBA's 1997-2010 hoop-centre placeholders; 0 elsewhere): counted in opp_fga, in no zone.
opp_rim_fga	Int64	Allowed: Attempts by the team's opponents at the rim (the restricted area: shot_distance under 4 ft).
opp_rim_fgm	Int64	Allowed: Makes by the team's opponents at the rim (the restricted area: shot_distance under 4 ft).
opp_rim_ast	Int64	Allowed: Assisted makes by the team's opponents at the rim (the restricted area: shot_distance under 4 ft).
opp_mid_fga	Int64	Allowed: Attempts by the team's opponents in the mid zone (every other two: the paint outside the restricted area and the mid-range).
opp_mid_fgm	Int64	Allowed: Makes by the team's opponents in the mid zone (every other two: the paint outside the restricted area and the mid-range).
opp_mid_ast	Int64	Allowed: Assisted makes by the team's opponents in the mid zone (every other two: the paint outside the restricted area and the mid-range).
opp_corner_3_fga	Int64	Allowed: Attempts by the team's opponents from the corner (a three from the baseline band, y_legacy <= 87.5, below the break).
opp_corner_3_fgm	Int64	Allowed: Makes by the team's opponents from the corner (a three from the baseline band, y_legacy <= 87.5, below the break).
opp_corner_3_ast	Int64	Allowed: Assisted makes by the team's opponents from the corner (a three from the baseline band, y_legacy <= 87.5, below the break).
opp_above_break_3_fga	Int64	Allowed: Attempts by the team's opponents from above the break (every other three).
opp_above_break_3_fgm	Int64	Allowed: Makes by the team's opponents from above the break (every other three).
opp_above_break_3_ast	Int64	Allowed: Assisted makes by the team's opponents from above the break (every other three).
rim_fg_pct	Float64	rim_fgm / rim_fga; null with no attempt.
rim_freq	Float64	rim_fga / (fga - unlocated_fga): the zone's share of the located attempts (the four zones add up to 1); null with none.
rim_ast_pct	Float64	Share of rim_fgm that were assisted, over the makes (every make's assist is in its description); null with none.
mid_fg_pct	Float64	mid_fgm / mid_fga; null with no attempt.
mid_freq	Float64	mid_fga / (fga - unlocated_fga): the zone's share of the located attempts (the four zones add up to 1); null with none.
mid_ast_pct	Float64	Share of mid_fgm that were assisted, over the makes (every make's assist is in its description); null with none.
corner_3_fg_pct	Float64	corner_3_fgm / corner_3_fga; null with no attempt.
corner_3_freq	Float64	corner_3_fga / (fga - unlocated_fga): the zone's share of the located attempts (the four zones add up to 1); null with none.
corner_3_ast_pct	Float64	Share of corner_3_fgm that were assisted, over the makes (every make's assist is in its description); null with none.
above_break_3_fg_pct	Float64	above_break_3_fgm / above_break_3_fga; null with no attempt.
above_break_3_freq	Float64	above_break_3_fga / (fga - unlocated_fga): the zone's share of the located attempts (the four zones add up to 1); null with none.
above_break_3_ast_pct	Float64	Share of above_break_3_fgm that were assisted, over the makes (every make's assist is in its description); null with none.
opp_rim_fg_pct	Float64	Allowed: opp_rim_fgm / opp_rim_fga; null with no attempt.
opp_rim_freq	Float64	Allowed: opp_rim_fga / (opp_fga - opp_unlocated_fga): the zone's share of the located attempts (the four zones add up to 1); null with none.
opp_rim_ast_pct	Float64	Allowed: Share of opp_rim_fgm that were assisted, over the makes (every make's assist is in its description); null with none.
opp_mid_fg_pct	Float64	Allowed: opp_mid_fgm / opp_mid_fga; null with no attempt.
opp_mid_freq	Float64	Allowed: opp_mid_fga / (opp_fga - opp_unlocated_fga): the zone's share of the located attempts (the four zones add up to 1); null with none.
opp_mid_ast_pct	Float64	Allowed: Share of opp_mid_fgm that were assisted, over the makes (every make's assist is in its description); null with none.
opp_corner_3_fg_pct	Float64	Allowed: opp_corner_3_fgm / opp_corner_3_fga; null with no attempt.
opp_corner_3_freq	Float64	Allowed: opp_corner_3_fga / (opp_fga - opp_unlocated_fga): the zone's share of the located attempts (the four zones add up to 1); null with none.
opp_corner_3_ast_pct	Float64	Allowed: Share of opp_corner_3_fgm that were assisted, over the makes (every make's assist is in its description); null with none.
opp_above_break_3_fg_pct	Float64	Allowed: opp_above_break_3_fgm / opp_above_break_3_fga; null with no attempt.
opp_above_break_3_freq	Float64	Allowed: opp_above_break_3_fga / (opp_fga - opp_unlocated_fga): the zone's share of the located attempts (the four zones add up to 1); null with none.
opp_above_break_3_ast_pct	Float64	Allowed: Share of opp_above_break_3_fgm that were assisted, over the makes (every make's assist is in its description); null with none.
rim_fg_pct_n	Int64	Sample size of rim_fg_pct: rim_fga.
rim_freq_n	Int64	Sample size of rim_freq: located attempts (fga - unlocated_fga).
rim_ast_pct_n	Int64	Sample size of rim_ast_pct: makes in the zone.
mid_fg_pct_n	Int64	Sample size of mid_fg_pct: mid_fga.
mid_freq_n	Int64	Sample size of mid_freq: located attempts (fga - unlocated_fga).
mid_ast_pct_n	Int64	Sample size of mid_ast_pct: makes in the zone.
corner_3_fg_pct_n	Int64	Sample size of corner_3_fg_pct: corner_3_fga.
corner_3_freq_n	Int64	Sample size of corner_3_freq: located attempts (fga - unlocated_fga).
corner_3_ast_pct_n	Int64	Sample size of corner_3_ast_pct: makes in the zone.
above_break_3_fg_pct_n	Int64	Sample size of above_break_3_fg_pct: above_break_3_fga.
above_break_3_freq_n	Int64	Sample size of above_break_3_freq: located attempts (fga - unlocated_fga).
above_break_3_ast_pct_n	Int64	Sample size of above_break_3_ast_pct: makes in the zone.
opp_rim_fg_pct_n	Int64	Sample size of opp_rim_fg_pct: opp_rim_fga.
opp_rim_freq_n	Int64	Sample size of opp_rim_freq: located attempts (opp_fga - opp_unlocated_fga).
opp_rim_ast_pct_n	Int64	Sample size of opp_rim_ast_pct: makes in the zone.
opp_mid_fg_pct_n	Int64	Sample size of opp_mid_fg_pct: opp_mid_fga.
opp_mid_freq_n	Int64	Sample size of opp_mid_freq: located attempts (opp_fga - opp_unlocated_fga).
opp_mid_ast_pct_n	Int64	Sample size of opp_mid_ast_pct: makes in the zone.
opp_corner_3_fg_pct_n	Int64	Sample size of opp_corner_3_fg_pct: opp_corner_3_fga.
opp_corner_3_freq_n	Int64	Sample size of opp_corner_3_freq: located attempts (opp_fga - opp_unlocated_fga).
opp_corner_3_ast_pct_n	Int64	Sample size of opp_corner_3_ast_pct: makes in the zone.
opp_above_break_3_fg_pct_n	Int64	Sample size of opp_above_break_3_fg_pct: opp_above_break_3_fga.
opp_above_break_3_freq_n	Int64	Sample size of opp_above_break_3_freq: located attempts (opp_fga - opp_unlocated_fga).
opp_above_break_3_ast_pct_n	Int64	Sample size of opp_above_break_3_ast_pct: makes in the zone.
rim_fg_pct_rank	Float64	Rank of rim_fg_pct within the season (the highest ranks 1; ties average), among teams whose rim_fg_pct_n reaches the rate's split-half gate (TEAM_MIN_N); null under the gate, for a rate with no gate (never half signal), or with fewer than five teams ranked.
rim_freq_rank	Float64	Rank of rim_freq within the season (the highest ranks 1; ties average), among teams whose rim_freq_n reaches the rate's split-half gate (TEAM_MIN_N); null under the gate, for a rate with no gate (never half signal), or with fewer than five teams ranked.
rim_ast_pct_rank	Float64	Rank of rim_ast_pct within the season (the highest ranks 1; ties average), among teams whose rim_ast_pct_n reaches the rate's split-half gate (TEAM_MIN_N); null under the gate, for a rate with no gate (never half signal), or with fewer than five teams ranked.
mid_fg_pct_rank	Float64	Rank of mid_fg_pct within the season (the highest ranks 1; ties average), among teams whose mid_fg_pct_n reaches the rate's split-half gate (TEAM_MIN_N); null under the gate, for a rate with no gate (never half signal), or with fewer than five teams ranked.
mid_freq_rank	Float64	Rank of mid_freq within the season (the highest ranks 1; ties average), among teams whose mid_freq_n reaches the rate's split-half gate (TEAM_MIN_N); null under the gate, for a rate with no gate (never half signal), or with fewer than five teams ranked.
mid_ast_pct_rank	Float64	Rank of mid_ast_pct within the season (the highest ranks 1; ties average), among teams whose mid_ast_pct_n reaches the rate's split-half gate (TEAM_MIN_N); null under the gate, for a rate with no gate (never half signal), or with fewer than five teams ranked.
corner_3_fg_pct_rank	Float64	Rank of corner_3_fg_pct within the season (the highest ranks 1; ties average), among teams whose corner_3_fg_pct_n reaches the rate's split-half gate (TEAM_MIN_N); null under the gate, for a rate with no gate (never half signal), or with fewer than five teams ranked.
corner_3_freq_rank	Float64	Rank of corner_3_freq within the season (the highest ranks 1; ties average), among teams whose corner_3_freq_n reaches the rate's split-half gate (TEAM_MIN_N); null under the gate, for a rate with no gate (never half signal), or with fewer than five teams ranked.
corner_3_ast_pct_rank	Float64	Rank of corner_3_ast_pct within the season (the highest ranks 1; ties average), among teams whose corner_3_ast_pct_n reaches the rate's split-half gate (TEAM_MIN_N); null under the gate, for a rate with no gate (never half signal), or with fewer than five teams ranked.
above_break_3_fg_pct_rank	Float64	Rank of above_break_3_fg_pct within the season (the highest ranks 1; ties average), among teams whose above_break_3_fg_pct_n reaches the rate's split-half gate (TEAM_MIN_N); null under the gate, for a rate with no gate (never half signal), or with fewer than five teams ranked.
above_break_3_freq_rank	Float64	Rank of above_break_3_freq within the season (the highest ranks 1; ties average), among teams whose above_break_3_freq_n reaches the rate's split-half gate (TEAM_MIN_N); null under the gate, for a rate with no gate (never half signal), or with fewer than five teams ranked.
above_break_3_ast_pct_rank	Float64	Rank of above_break_3_ast_pct within the season (the highest ranks 1; ties average), among teams whose above_break_3_ast_pct_n reaches the rate's split-half gate (TEAM_MIN_N); null under the gate, for a rate with no gate (never half signal), or with fewer than five teams ranked.
opp_rim_fg_pct_rank	Float64	Rank of opp_rim_fg_pct within the season (the lowest ranks 1, the stingiest defense; ties average), among teams whose opp_rim_fg_pct_n reaches the rate's split-half gate (TEAM_MIN_N); null under the gate, for a rate with no gate (never half signal), or with fewer than five teams ranked.
opp_rim_freq_rank	Float64	Rank of opp_rim_freq within the season (the highest ranks 1; ties average), among teams whose opp_rim_freq_n reaches the rate's split-half gate (TEAM_MIN_N); null under the gate, for a rate with no gate (never half signal), or with fewer than five teams ranked.
opp_rim_ast_pct_rank	Float64	Rank of opp_rim_ast_pct within the season (the highest ranks 1; ties average), among teams whose opp_rim_ast_pct_n reaches the rate's split-half gate (TEAM_MIN_N); null under the gate, for a rate with no gate (never half signal), or with fewer than five teams ranked.
opp_mid_fg_pct_rank	Float64	Rank of opp_mid_fg_pct within the season (the lowest ranks 1, the stingiest defense; ties average), among teams whose opp_mid_fg_pct_n reaches the rate's split-half gate (TEAM_MIN_N); null under the gate, for a rate with no gate (never half signal), or with fewer than five teams ranked.
opp_mid_freq_rank	Float64	Rank of opp_mid_freq within the season (the highest ranks 1; ties average), among teams whose opp_mid_freq_n reaches the rate's split-half gate (TEAM_MIN_N); null under the gate, for a rate with no gate (never half signal), or with fewer than five teams ranked.
opp_mid_ast_pct_rank	Float64	Rank of opp_mid_ast_pct within the season (the highest ranks 1; ties average), among teams whose opp_mid_ast_pct_n reaches the rate's split-half gate (TEAM_MIN_N); null under the gate, for a rate with no gate (never half signal), or with fewer than five teams ranked.
opp_corner_3_fg_pct_rank	Float64	Rank of opp_corner_3_fg_pct within the season (the lowest ranks 1, the stingiest defense; ties average), among teams whose opp_corner_3_fg_pct_n reaches the rate's split-half gate (TEAM_MIN_N); null under the gate, for a rate with no gate (never half signal), or with fewer than five teams ranked.
opp_corner_3_freq_rank	Float64	Rank of opp_corner_3_freq within the season (the highest ranks 1; ties average), among teams whose opp_corner_3_freq_n reaches the rate's split-half gate (TEAM_MIN_N); null under the gate, for a rate with no gate (never half signal), or with fewer than five teams ranked.
opp_corner_3_ast_pct_rank	Float64	Rank of opp_corner_3_ast_pct within the season (the highest ranks 1; ties average), among teams whose opp_corner_3_ast_pct_n reaches the rate's split-half gate (TEAM_MIN_N); null under the gate, for a rate with no gate (never half signal), or with fewer than five teams ranked.
opp_above_break_3_fg_pct_rank	Float64	Rank of opp_above_break_3_fg_pct within the season (the lowest ranks 1, the stingiest defense; ties average), among teams whose opp_above_break_3_fg_pct_n reaches the rate's split-half gate (TEAM_MIN_N); null under the gate, for a rate with no gate (never half signal), or with fewer than five teams ranked.
opp_above_break_3_freq_rank	Float64	Rank of opp_above_break_3_freq within the season (the highest ranks 1; ties average), among teams whose opp_above_break_3_freq_n reaches the rate's split-half gate (TEAM_MIN_N); null under the gate, for a rate with no gate (never half signal), or with fewer than five teams ranked.
opp_above_break_3_ast_pct_rank	Float64	Rank of opp_above_break_3_ast_pct within the season (the highest ranks 1; ties average), among teams whose opp_above_break_3_ast_pct_n reaches the rate's split-half gate (TEAM_MIN_N); null under the gate, for a rate with no gate (never half signal), or with fewer than five teams ranked.
rim_fg_pct_pct	Float64	Percentile of rim_fg_pct within the season among the same ranked rows: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked; null when the rank is null.
rim_freq_pct	Float64	Percentile of rim_freq within the season among the same ranked rows: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked; null when the rank is null.
rim_ast_pct_pct	Float64	Percentile of rim_ast_pct within the season among the same ranked rows: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked; null when the rank is null.
mid_fg_pct_pct	Float64	Percentile of mid_fg_pct within the season among the same ranked rows: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked; null when the rank is null.
mid_freq_pct	Float64	Percentile of mid_freq within the season among the same ranked rows: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked; null when the rank is null.
mid_ast_pct_pct	Float64	Percentile of mid_ast_pct within the season among the same ranked rows: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked; null when the rank is null.
corner_3_fg_pct_pct	Float64	Percentile of corner_3_fg_pct within the season among the same ranked rows: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked; null when the rank is null.
corner_3_freq_pct	Float64	Percentile of corner_3_freq within the season among the same ranked rows: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked; null when the rank is null.
corner_3_ast_pct_pct	Float64	Percentile of corner_3_ast_pct within the season among the same ranked rows: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked; null when the rank is null.
above_break_3_fg_pct_pct	Float64	Percentile of above_break_3_fg_pct within the season among the same ranked rows: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked; null when the rank is null.
above_break_3_freq_pct	Float64	Percentile of above_break_3_freq within the season among the same ranked rows: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked; null when the rank is null.
above_break_3_ast_pct_pct	Float64	Percentile of above_break_3_ast_pct within the season among the same ranked rows: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked; null when the rank is null.
opp_rim_fg_pct_pct	Float64	Percentile of opp_rim_fg_pct within the season among the same ranked rows: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked; null when the rank is null.
opp_rim_freq_pct	Float64	Percentile of opp_rim_freq within the season among the same ranked rows: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked; null when the rank is null.
opp_rim_ast_pct_pct	Float64	Percentile of opp_rim_ast_pct within the season among the same ranked rows: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked; null when the rank is null.
opp_mid_fg_pct_pct	Float64	Percentile of opp_mid_fg_pct within the season among the same ranked rows: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked; null when the rank is null.
opp_mid_freq_pct	Float64	Percentile of opp_mid_freq within the season among the same ranked rows: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked; null when the rank is null.
opp_mid_ast_pct_pct	Float64	Percentile of opp_mid_ast_pct within the season among the same ranked rows: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked; null when the rank is null.
opp_corner_3_fg_pct_pct	Float64	Percentile of opp_corner_3_fg_pct within the season among the same ranked rows: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked; null when the rank is null.
opp_corner_3_freq_pct	Float64	Percentile of opp_corner_3_freq within the season among the same ranked rows: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked; null when the rank is null.
opp_corner_3_ast_pct_pct	Float64	Percentile of opp_corner_3_ast_pct within the season among the same ranked rows: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked; null when the rank is null.
opp_above_break_3_fg_pct_pct	Float64	Percentile of opp_above_break_3_fg_pct within the season among the same ranked rows: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked; null when the rank is null.
opp_above_break_3_freq_pct	Float64	Percentile of opp_above_break_3_freq within the season among the same ranked rows: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked; null when the rank is null.
opp_above_break_3_ast_pct_pct	Float64	Percentile of opp_above_break_3_ast_pct within the season among the same ranked rows: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked; null when the rank is null.

Raises

Exception	Description
ValueError	If league_id is not "00" or "10" (checked before any data is loaded).

Example

from sportsdataverse.nba.nba_shot_zone_profiles import nba_team_shot_zones
teams = nba_team_shot_zones(2025)
teams.sort("opp_rim_freq").select("team_id", "opp_rim_freq", "opp_rim_fg_pct").head()

# WNBA via ``league_id``

wnba = nba_team_shot_zones(2025, league_id="10")

nba_team_strength

nba_team_strength(seasons: 'int | list[int]', *, league_id: 'str' = '00', season_type: 'str' = 'regular-season', return_as_pandas: 'bool' = False) -> 'pl.DataFrame | pd.DataFrame'

Team strength from possessions: adjusted ratings, SOS, SOV, pace and the four factors.

One row per team and season. The adjusted ratings are a ridge regression of points per 100 on each possession on offense, defense and home terms (penalty ~sportsdataverse._common.team_strength.RIDGE_LAMBDA, fit by season-disjoint CV): points scored / allowed per 100 against an average opponent on a neutral court. SOS is the mean opponent adj_net_rtg over the team's games, SOV the same over its wins.

Parameters

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
seasons	int | list[int]		A season or list of seasons, named by the year it ends (2026 is 2025-26). The WNBA season is its calendar year.
league_id	str	'00'	"00" NBA or "10" WNBA.
season_type	str	'regular-season'	"regular-season" (default), "preseason", "playoffs" or "play-in", matched to the schedule's season_type. The ridge, the rates and the games all use it.
return_as_pandas	bool	False	Return a pandas frame instead of polars.

Returns

One row per (season, team_id); team_id is the stats.nba.com team id (Int64). games, poss / opp_poss, pts / opp_pts are the season totals from the possessions; wins / losses come from the schedule's final scores. The rated metrics are adj_off_rtg, adj_def_rtg, adj_net_rtg, sos, sov and the BB-D3 rates (off_rtg, def_rtg, net_rtg, pace, the four factors and the four against). Each has <m>_rank (1 = best; adj_def_rtg, def_rtg, tov_pct and the opponent shooting, rebounding and free-throw rates rank low first; sos ranks the hardest schedule first), <m>_pct (the Weibull percentile) and <m>_n (possessions for the ratings, completed games against a rated opponent for SOS, the clock in regulation games for pace, wins over a rated opponent for SOV). Ranks are within the season, among teams with at least half the most games, the BB-D3 rates' also behind their ~sportsdataverse._common.rate_gates.TEAM_MIN_N gate, and null under five teams. Empty input returns that schema with zero rows.

col_name	type	description
season	Int64	Season, named by the year it ends (2026 is 2025-26).
team_id	Int64	stats.nba.com team id (the 10-digit franchise id).
games	Int64	Games with at least one possession in the season (from the possession release).
wins	Int64	Wins in the season type's completed games (the schedule's final scores).
losses	Int64	Losses in the season type's completed games.
poss	Int64	Offensive possessions in the season, counted from possession rows.
opp_poss	Int64	Defensive possessions in the season (the opponents' offensive possessions).
pts	Int64	Points scored on the team's offensive possessions in the season. Counted from each possession's made shots and free throws.
opp_pts	Int64	Points allowed on the team's defensive possessions in the season.
adj_off_rtg	Float64	Adjusted offensive rating: points per 100 possessions against an average defense on a neutral court. The ridge intercept plus the team's offense coefficient (points per 100 on each possession on offense, defense and home terms; penalty RIDGE_LAMBDA).
adj_def_rtg	Float64	Adjusted defensive rating: points allowed per 100 possessions against an average offense on a neutral court. The ridge intercept plus the team's defense coefficient; lower is better.
adj_net_rtg	Float64	Adjusted net rating: adj_off_rtg minus adj_def_rtg.
sos	Float64	Strength of schedule: the mean adj_net_rtg of the opponents of the team's completed games, one weight per game (an opponent met four times counts four times).
sov	Float64	Strength of victory: the mean adj_net_rtg of the opponents the team beat, one weight per win; null with no win.
off_rtg	Float64	Offensive rating: points scored per 100 offensive possessions.
def_rtg	Float64	Defensive rating: points allowed per 100 defensive possessions.
net_rtg	Float64	Net rating: off_rtg minus def_rtg.
pace	Float64	Pace: possessions per 48 minutes (40 with league_id="10", the WNBA), the mean of poss and opp_poss over the game clock those possessions used.
efg_pct	Float64	Effective field-goal percentage, (FGM + 0.5 * 3PM) / FGA, as a fraction.
tov_pct	Float64	Turnovers per offensive possession, as a fraction.
orb_pct	Float64	Offensive rebound rate: offensive rebounds over offensive-rebound chances (own OREB plus the defense's DREB), as a fraction.
ft_rate	Float64	Free-throw rate, FTA / FGA.
opp_efg_pct	Float64	Opponents' effective field-goal percentage, (FGM + 0.5 * 3PM) / FGA, as a fraction.
opp_tov_pct	Float64	Opponents' turnovers per possession (turnovers forced), as a fraction.
opp_orb_pct	Float64	Opponents' offensive rebound rate, as a fraction (one minus the team's defensive rebound rate).
opp_ft_rate	Float64	Opponents' free-throw rate, FTA / FGA.
adj_off_rtg_rank	Float64	Rank of adj_off_rtg within the season (the highest value ranks 1; ties average), among teams that played at least half the most games any team played in the season; null for a non-qualifier, a null value, or fewer than five qualifiers.
adj_def_rtg_rank	Float64	Rank of adj_def_rtg within the season (the lowest value ranks 1; ties average), among teams that played at least half the most games any team played in the season; null for a non-qualifier, a null value, or fewer than five qualifiers.
adj_net_rtg_rank	Float64	Rank of adj_net_rtg within the season (the highest value ranks 1; ties average), among teams that played at least half the most games any team played in the season; null for a non-qualifier, a null value, or fewer than five qualifiers.
sos_rank	Float64	Rank of sos within the season (the highest value ranks 1; the hardest schedule ranks 1; ties average), among teams that played at least half the most games any team played in the season; null for a non-qualifier, a null value, or fewer than five qualifiers.
sov_rank	Float64	Rank of sov within the season (the highest value ranks 1; the strongest wins rank 1; ties average), among teams that played at least half the most games any team played in the season; null for a non-qualifier, a null value, or fewer than five qualifiers.
off_rtg_rank	Float64	Rank of off_rtg within the season (the highest value ranks 1; ties average), among teams that played at least half the most games any team played in the season, whose off_rtg_n is at least 1,300 offensive possessions (the sample at which the rate is half signal, rate_gates); null for a non-qualifier, a sample under that gate, a null rate, or fewer than five qualifiers.
def_rtg_rank	Float64	Rank of def_rtg within the season (the lowest value ranks 1; ties average), among teams that played at least half the most games any team played in the season, whose def_rtg_n is at least 2,000 defensive possessions (the sample at which the rate is half signal, rate_gates); null for a non-qualifier, a sample under that gate, a null rate, or fewer than five qualifiers.
net_rtg_rank	Float64	Rank of net_rtg within the season (the highest value ranks 1; ties average), among teams that played at least half the most games any team played in the season, whose net_rtg_n is at least 2,000 possessions (offense plus defense) (the sample at which the rate was, on the fit seasons, half signal, rate_gates); null for a non-qualifier, a sample under that gate, a null rate, or fewer than five qualifiers.
pace_rank	Float64	Rank of pace within the season (the highest value ranks 1; pace has no better direction; ties average), among teams that played at least half the most games any team played in the season, whose pace_n is at least 5 games (the sample at which the rate is half signal, rate_gates); null for a non-qualifier, a sample under that gate, a null rate, or fewer than five qualifiers.
efg_pct_rank	Float64	Rank of efg_pct within the season (the highest value ranks 1; ties average), among teams that played at least half the most games any team played in the season, whose efg_pct_n is at least 1,200 field-goal attempts (the sample at which the rate is half signal, rate_gates); null for a non-qualifier, a sample under that gate, a null rate, or fewer than five qualifiers.
tov_pct_rank	Float64	Rank of tov_pct within the season (the lowest value ranks 1; ties average), among teams that played at least half the most games any team played in the season, whose tov_pct_n is at least 1,400 offensive possessions (the sample at which the rate is half signal, rate_gates); null for a non-qualifier, a sample under that gate, a null rate, or fewer than five qualifiers.
orb_pct_rank	Float64	Rank of orb_pct within the season (the highest value ranks 1; ties average), among teams that played at least half the most games any team played in the season, whose orb_pct_n is at least 410 offensive-rebound chances (the sample at which the rate is half signal, rate_gates); null for a non-qualifier, a sample under that gate, a null rate, or fewer than five qualifiers.
ft_rate_rank	Float64	Rank of ft_rate within the season (the highest value ranks 1; ties average), among teams that played at least half the most games any team played in the season, whose ft_rate_n is at least 1,300 field-goal attempts (the sample at which the rate is half signal, rate_gates); null for a non-qualifier, a sample under that gate, a null rate, or fewer than five qualifiers.
opp_efg_pct_rank	Float64	Rank of opp_efg_pct within the season (the lowest value ranks 1; ties average), among teams that played at least half the most games any team played in the season, whose opp_efg_pct_n is at least 1,900 opponent field-goal attempts (the sample at which the rate was, on the fit seasons, half signal, rate_gates); null for a non-qualifier, a sample under that gate, a null rate, or fewer than five qualifiers.
opp_tov_pct_rank	Float64	Rank of opp_tov_pct within the season (the highest value ranks 1; ties average), among teams that played at least half the most games any team played in the season, whose opp_tov_pct_n is at least 960 defensive possessions (the sample at which the rate was, on the fit seasons, half signal, rate_gates); null for a non-qualifier, a sample under that gate, a null rate, or fewer than five qualifiers.
opp_orb_pct_rank	Float64	Rank of opp_orb_pct within the season (the lowest value ranks 1; ties average), among teams that played at least half the most games any team played in the season, whose opp_orb_pct_n is at least 1,200 opponent offensive-rebound chances (the sample at which the rate was, on the fit seasons, half signal, rate_gates); null for a non-qualifier, a sample under that gate, a null rate, or fewer than five qualifiers.
opp_ft_rate_rank	Float64	Rank of opp_ft_rate within the season (the lowest value ranks 1; ties average), among teams that played at least half the most games any team played in the season, whose opp_ft_rate_n is at least 1,500 opponent field-goal attempts (the sample at which the rate was, on the fit seasons, half signal, rate_gates); null for a non-qualifier, a sample under that gate, a null rate, or fewer than five qualifiers.
adj_off_rtg_pct	Float64	Percentile of adj_off_rtg within the season among the same qualified teams: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked, so the best team is under 100 and nobody is 0; null when the rank is null.
adj_def_rtg_pct	Float64	Percentile of adj_def_rtg within the season among the same qualified teams: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked, so the best team is under 100 and nobody is 0; null when the rank is null.
adj_net_rtg_pct	Float64	Percentile of adj_net_rtg within the season among the same qualified teams: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked, so the best team is under 100 and nobody is 0; null when the rank is null.
sos_pct	Float64	Percentile of sos within the season among the same qualified teams: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked, so the best team is under 100 and nobody is 0; null when the rank is null.
sov_pct	Float64	Percentile of sov within the season among the same qualified teams: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked, so the best team is under 100 and nobody is 0; null when the rank is null.
off_rtg_pct	Float64	Percentile of off_rtg within the season among the same qualified teams: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked, so the best team is under 100 and nobody is 0; null when the rank is null.
def_rtg_pct	Float64	Percentile of def_rtg within the season among the same qualified teams: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked, so the best team is under 100 and nobody is 0; null when the rank is null.
net_rtg_pct	Float64	Percentile of net_rtg within the season among the same qualified teams: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked, so the best team is under 100 and nobody is 0; null when the rank is null.
pace_pct	Float64	Percentile of pace within the season among the same qualified teams: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked, so the best team is under 100 and nobody is 0; null when the rank is null.
efg_pct_pct	Float64	Percentile of efg_pct within the season among the same qualified teams: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked, so the best team is under 100 and nobody is 0; null when the rank is null.
tov_pct_pct	Float64	Percentile of tov_pct within the season among the same qualified teams: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked, so the best team is under 100 and nobody is 0; null when the rank is null.
orb_pct_pct	Float64	Percentile of orb_pct within the season among the same qualified teams: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked, so the best team is under 100 and nobody is 0; null when the rank is null.
ft_rate_pct	Float64	Percentile of ft_rate within the season among the same qualified teams: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked, so the best team is under 100 and nobody is 0; null when the rank is null.
opp_efg_pct_pct	Float64	Percentile of opp_efg_pct within the season among the same qualified teams: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked, so the best team is under 100 and nobody is 0; null when the rank is null.
opp_tov_pct_pct	Float64	Percentile of opp_tov_pct within the season among the same qualified teams: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked, so the best team is under 100 and nobody is 0; null when the rank is null.
opp_orb_pct_pct	Float64	Percentile of opp_orb_pct within the season among the same qualified teams: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked, so the best team is under 100 and nobody is 0; null when the rank is null.
opp_ft_rate_pct	Float64	Percentile of opp_ft_rate within the season among the same qualified teams: 100 * (n + 1 - rank) / (n + 1), n the number ranked, so the best team is under 100 and nobody is 0; null when the rank is null.
adj_off_rtg_n	Int64	Sample size of adj_off_rtg: the team's offensive possessions in the season.
adj_def_rtg_n	Int64	Sample size of adj_def_rtg: the team's defensive possessions in the season.
adj_net_rtg_n	Int64	Sample size of adj_net_rtg: the team's offensive plus defensive possessions in the season.
sos_n	Int64	Sample size of sos: the completed games against a rated opponent.
sov_n	Int64	Sample size of sov: the wins against a rated opponent.
off_rtg_n	Int64	Sample size of off_rtg: the team's offensive possessions in the season.
def_rtg_n	Int64	Sample size of def_rtg: the team's defensive possessions in the season.
net_rtg_n	Int64	Sample size of net_rtg: the team's offensive plus defensive possessions in the season.
pace_n	Int64	Sample size of pace: the game clock the season's possessions used, in regulation games (48 minutes, 40 in the WNBA and college), rounded: about the games played, overtime adding a little.
efg_pct_n	Int64	Sample size of efg_pct: the team's field-goal attempts in the season.
tov_pct_n	Int64	Sample size of tov_pct: the team's offensive possessions in the season.
orb_pct_n	Int64	Sample size of orb_pct: the team's offensive-rebound chances in the season.
ft_rate_n	Int64	Sample size of ft_rate: the team's field-goal attempts in the season.
opp_efg_pct_n	Int64	Sample size of opp_efg_pct: the opponents' field-goal attempts in the season.
opp_tov_pct_n	Int64	Sample size of opp_tov_pct: the team's defensive possessions in the season.
opp_orb_pct_n	Int64	Sample size of opp_orb_pct: the opponents' offensive-rebound chances in the season.
opp_ft_rate_n	Int64	Sample size of opp_ft_rate: the opponents' field-goal attempts in the season.

Raises

Exception	Description
ValueError	If league_id is not "00" or "10", or season_type is not one of the four above (checked before any data is loaded).

Example

from sportsdataverse.nba.nba_team_strength import nba_team_strength
strength = nba_team_strength(2026)
strength.sort("adj_net_rtg_rank").select("team_id", "adj_net_rtg", "sos", "sov").head()

# WNBA via ``league_id``

wnba = nba_team_strength(2025, league_id="10")

nba_tracking_drive_value

nba_tracking_drive_value(seasons: "'int | str | list'", *, league_id: 'str' = '00', per_mode: 'str' = 'Totals', by_position: 'bool' = True, positions: 'Optional[pl.DataFrame]' = None, return_as_pandas: 'bool' = False, _get_fn: 'Optional[Callable[..., dict]]' = None) -> "'Union[pl.DataFrame, pd.DataFrame]'"

Drive value over expected + rim-pressure, per player-season.

Fetches the Drives leaguedashptstats measure and computes drive_pts_oe = drive_pts - drives * bucket_pts_per_drive. rim_pressure is the z-score of drive_fta / drives within the player's role bucket (a proxy for foul-drawing pressure independent of scoring efficiency). drive_ast/drive_tov are passed through unchanged.

Parameters

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
seasons	int | str | list		A single season or list of seasons.
league_id	str	'00'	"00" NBA (default), "10" WNBA, "20" G-League.
per_mode	str	'Totals'	per_mode_simple passed to the fetch (default "Totals").
by_position	bool	True	Compute the baseline within role buckets (default); False forces one league-wide bucket.
positions	Optional[DataFrame]	None	Optional pre-fetched positions frame.
return_as_pandas	bool	False	Return a pandas.DataFrame instead of polars.
_get_fn	Optional[Callable[..., dict]]	None	Injectable replacement for nba_stats_leaguedashptstats.

Returns

One row per player-season: season:Int64, player_id:Utf8, player_name:Utf8, team_id:Utf8, position_bucket:Utf8, gp:Int64, min:Float64, drives:Float64, drive_pts:Float64, drive_baseline_rate:Float64, drive_expected:Float64, drive_pts_oe:Float64, drive_pts_oe_per_36:Float64, drive_fta:Float64, rim_pressure:Float64, drive_ast:Float64, drive_tov:Float64, league_id:Utf8. Empty/malformed input returns a zero-row frame with this schema.

No returns table is published for this function: no capture: it reads stats.nba.com, which answers HTTP 403 to the datacenter IP the docs are built on; the function works from a residential IP.

Example

from sportsdataverse.nba import nba_tracking_drive_value
df = nba_tracking_drive_value(2024)
print(df.sort("drive_pts_oe", descending=True).head())

nba_tracking_pass_value

nba_tracking_pass_value(seasons: "'int | str | list'", *, league_id: 'str' = '00', per_mode: 'str' = 'Totals', by_position: 'bool' = True, positions: 'Optional[pl.DataFrame]' = None, fetch_potential_assists: 'bool' = False, max_players: 'int' = 0, return_as_pandas: 'bool' = False, _get_fn: 'Optional[Callable[..., dict]]' = None, _pass_get_fn: 'Optional[Callable[..., dict]]' = None) -> "'Union[pl.DataFrame, pd.DataFrame]'"

Expected-assists / passer value: ast_oe per player-season.

Fetches the Passing leaguedashptstats measure (one call) and computes ast_oe = ast - passes * bucket_assist_rate. When fetch_potential_assists=True, also fetches nba_stats_playerdashptpass for the top-max_players passers (capped, optional -- never a hard dependency) and recomputes the residual against the richer potential_assists denominator for that subset; max_players=0 (default) makes exactly one request total. ast_pts_created is passed through directly from the Passing measure (it is already computed there; not re-derived).

Parameters

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
seasons	int | str | list		A single season or list of seasons.
league_id	str	'00'	"00" NBA (default), "10" WNBA, "20" G-League.
per_mode	str	'Totals'	per_mode_simple passed to the fetch (default "Totals").
by_position	bool	True	Compute the baseline within role buckets (default); False forces one league-wide bucket.
positions	Optional[DataFrame]	None	Optional pre-fetched positions frame.
fetch_potential_assists	bool	False	Enrich the top passers with playerdashptpass potential-assist counts.
max_players	int	0	Cap on per-player enrichment fetches; 0 disables enrichment regardless of fetch_potential_assists.
return_as_pandas	bool	False	Return a pandas.DataFrame instead of polars.
_get_fn	Optional[Callable[..., dict]]	None	Injectable replacement for nba_stats_leaguedashptstats.
_pass_get_fn	Optional[Callable[..., dict]]	None	Injectable replacement for nba_stats_playerdashptpass.

Returns

One row per player-season: season:Int64, player_id:Utf8, player_name:Utf8, team_id:Utf8, position_bucket:Utf8, gp:Int64, min:Float64, ast:Float64, passes:Float64, ast_baseline_rate:Float64, ast_expected:Float64, ast_oe:Float64, ast_oe_per_36:Float64, ast_pts_created:Float64, league_id:Utf8. Empty/malformed input returns a zero-row frame with this schema.

No returns table is published for this function: no capture: it reads stats.nba.com, which answers HTTP 403 to the datacenter IP the docs are built on; the function works from a residential IP.

Example

from sportsdataverse.nba import nba_tracking_pass_value
df = nba_tracking_pass_value(2024)
print(df.sort("ast_oe", descending=True).head())

# With potential-assist enrichment for the top 50 passers

df = nba_tracking_pass_value(2024, fetch_potential_assists=True, max_players=50)

nba_tracking_reb_oe

nba_tracking_reb_oe(seasons: "'int | str | list'", *, league_id: 'str' = '00', per_mode: 'str' = 'Totals', by_position: 'bool' = True, positions: 'Optional[pl.DataFrame]' = None, return_as_pandas: 'bool' = False, _get_fn: 'Optional[Callable[..., dict]]' = None) -> "'Union[pl.DataFrame, pd.DataFrame]'"

Rebounding-over-expected: reb_oe plus OREB/DREB splits, per player-season.

Fetches the Rebounding leaguedashptstats measure, attaches a guard/wing/big role bucket, and computes reb_oe = reb - reb_chances * bucket_rate (contest-difficulty-adjusted when the endpoint carries separate contested/uncontested CHANCE columns; the live stats.nba.com payload currently does not, so this degrades gracefully to the plain rate -- see the fixtures README for the finding). OREB/DREB residuals are computed identically against their own chance columns. Baselines are recomputed from the same season slice on every call -- there is no fitted constant or bundled artifact.

Parameters

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
seasons	int | str | list		A single season (int ending-year or "YYYY-YY" string) or a list of seasons to concatenate.
league_id	str	'00'	"00" NBA (default), "10" WNBA, "20" G-League.
per_mode	str	'Totals'	per_mode_simple passed to the fetch (default "Totals").
by_position	bool	True	Compute the baseline within guard/wing/big buckets (default). False forces one league-wide bucket.
positions	Optional[DataFrame]	None	Optional pre-fetched positions frame (see _attach_role_bucket); mostly for injecting a fixture in tests.
return_as_pandas	bool	False	Return a pandas.DataFrame instead of polars.
_get_fn	Optional[Callable[..., dict]]	None	Injectable replacement for nba_stats_leaguedashptstats returning the raw payload dict directly -- offline testing hook.

Returns

One row per player-season: season:Int64, player_id:Utf8, player_name:Utf8, team_id:Utf8, position_bucket:Utf8, gp:Int64, min:Float64, reb:Float64, reb_chances:Float64, reb_baseline_rate:Float64, reb_expected:Float64, reb_oe:Float64, reb_oe_per_36:Float64, oreb_oe:Float64, dreb_oe:Float64, league_id:Utf8. Empty/malformed input returns a zero-row frame with this schema.

No returns table is published for this function: no capture: it reads stats.nba.com, which answers HTTP 403 to the datacenter IP the docs are built on; the function works from a residential IP.

Example

from sportsdataverse.nba import nba_tracking_reb_oe
df = nba_tracking_reb_oe(2024)
print(df.sort("reb_oe", descending=True).head())

# League-wide baseline (no position split)

df_all = nba_tracking_reb_oe(2024, by_position=False)

# Pandas output

df_pd = nba_tracking_reb_oe(2024, return_as_pandas=True)

nba_tracking_rim_protect_value

nba_tracking_rim_protect_value(seasons: "'int | str | list'", *, league_id: 'str' = '00', per_mode: 'str' = 'Totals', by_position: 'bool' = True, positions: 'Optional[pl.DataFrame]' = None, source: 'str' = 'leaguedash', max_players: 'int' = 0, return_as_pandas: 'bool' = False, _get_fn: 'Optional[Callable[..., dict]]' = None, _defend_get_fn: 'Optional[Callable[..., dict]]' = None) -> "'Union[pl.DataFrame, pd.DataFrame]'"

Rim-protection / shot-defend points-saved over expected, per player-season.

Fetches the Defense leaguedashptstats measure -- which on the live stats.nba.com payload exposes only rim-band defended shooting (def_rim_fgm/def_rim_fga/def_rim_fg_pct, no separate overall figure -- see the fixtures README) -- and computes rim_protect_pts_saved = (normal_fg_pct - d_fg_pct) * d_fga * 2 where normal_fg_pct is the bucket-mean defended rate (there is no shooters'-own-average column on this endpoint, so the bucket mean is the baseline; this is the same attempts-weighted construction as every other model, just sign-flipped so a defender who holds shooters BELOW the bucket mean gets a positive points-saved value).

source="shotdefend" swaps in the Less-Than-6-Ft band from nba_stats_playerdashptshotdefend for the top-max_players defenders by attempt volume (capped, optional -- never a hard dependency); max_players=0 (default) uses the leaguedash figures for everyone.

Parameters

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
seasons	int | str | list		A single season or list of seasons.
league_id	str	'00'	"00" NBA (default), "10" WNBA, "20" G-League.
per_mode	str	'Totals'	per_mode_simple passed to the fetch (default "Totals").
by_position	bool	True	Compute the baseline within role buckets (default); False forces one league-wide bucket.
positions	Optional[DataFrame]	None	Optional pre-fetched positions frame.
source	str	'leaguedash'	"leaguedash" (default) or "shotdefend".
max_players	int	0	Cap on per-player shotdefend enrichment fetches; ignored unless source="shotdefend".
return_as_pandas	bool	False	Return a pandas.DataFrame instead of polars.
_get_fn	Optional[Callable[..., dict]]	None	Injectable replacement for nba_stats_leaguedashptstats.
_defend_get_fn	Optional[Callable[..., dict]]	None	Injectable replacement for nba_stats_playerdashptshotdefend.

Returns

One row per player-season: season:Int64, player_id:Utf8, player_name:Utf8, team_id:Utf8, position_bucket:Utf8, gp:Int64, min:Float64, d_fga:Float64, d_fgm:Float64, d_fg_pct:Float64, normal_fg_pct:Float64, rim_protect_pts_saved:Float64, rim_protect_pts_saved_per_36:Float64, source:Utf8, league_id:Utf8. Empty/malformed input returns a zero-row frame with this schema.

No returns table is published for this function: no capture: it reads stats.nba.com, which answers HTTP 403 to the datacenter IP the docs are built on; the function works from a residential IP.

Example

from sportsdataverse.nba import nba_tracking_rim_protect_value
df = nba_tracking_rim_protect_value(2024)
print(df.sort("rim_protect_pts_saved", descending=True).head())